home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Economy
-
- Overview: Industry, which accounts for one-third of the
- labor force and generates over half the GNP, suffers from
- an aging capital plant and persistent shortages of energy.
- In recent years the agricultural sector has had to contend
- with drought, mismanagement, and shortages of inputs. Favorable
- weather in 1989 helped produce a good harvest, although
- far below government claims. The new government is slowly
- loosening the tight central controls of Ceausescu's command
- economy. It has instituted moderate land reforms, with close
- to one-third of cropland now in private hands, and it has
- allowed changes in prices for private agricultural output.
- Also, the new regime is permitting the establishment of
- private enterprises of 20 or fewer employees in services,
- handicrafts, and small-scale industry. Furthermore, the
- government has halted the old policy of diverting food from
- domestic consumption to hard currency export markets. So
- far, the government does not seem willing to adopt a
- thorough-going market system.
-
- GNP: $79.8 billion, per capita $3,445; real growth rate -1.5%
- (1989 est.).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0% (1987).
-
- Unemployment rate: NA%.
-
- Budget: revenues $26 billion; expenditures $21.6 billion,
- including capital expenditures of $13.6 billion (1987).
-
- Exports: $11.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--machinery
- and equipment 34.7%, fuels, minerals and metals 24.7%, manufactured
- consumer goods 16.9%, agricultural materials and forestry
- products 11.9%, other 11.6% (1986); partners--USSR 27%,
- Eastern Europe 23%, EC 15%, US 5%, China 4% (1987).
-
- Imports: $8.75 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--fuels,
- minerals, and metals 51.0%, machinery and equipment 26.7%,
- agricultural and forestry products 11.0%, manufactured consumer
- goods 4.2% (1986); partners--Communist countries 60%, non-Communist
- countries 40% (1987).
-
- External debt: none (mid-1989).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate 3.6% (1988).
-
- Electricity: 22,640,000 kW capacity; 80,000 million kWh
- produced, 3,440 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy,
- chemicals, machine building, food processing, petroleum.
-
- Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GNP and 28% of labor force;
- major wheat and corn producer; other products--sugar beets,
- sunflower seed, potatoes, milk, eggs, meat, grapes.
-
- Aid: donor--$4.3 billion in bilateral aid to non-Communist
- less developed countries (1956-88).
-
- Currency: leu (plural--lei); 1 leu (L) = 100 bani.
-
- Exchange rates: lei (L) per US$1--20.96 (February 1990),
- 14.922 (1989), 14.277 (1988), 14.557 (1987), 16.153 (1986),
- 17.141 (1985).
-
- Fiscal year: calendar year.
-